NIKKI-19

宗教法人神社本教本部

京都の蹴上にある日向大神宮を訪れた。ここは、全国にいくつかある「元伊勢」の地の一つで、ちゃんと内宮と外宮がある。ただし、祭神はお伊勢さんとはちょっと違っていて、内宮の主祭神がアマテラスさんであることは伊勢神宮と一緒だが、タギリヒメ、イチキシマヒメ（弁天さん）も内宮に祀られているところがちょっと変わっている。また、外宮の祭神はニニギノミコトとアメノミナカヌシで、これは伊勢の外宮とまったく異なる（お伊勢さんではトヨウケノオオカミ）境内を歩いていると、「宗教法人神社本教本部」という文字が目に入った。ン？？　神社本教？？……「神社本庁」なら聞いたことがあるが、「神社本教」ってなに？……ということで、調べてみると……

戦後、GHQの神道指令によって、「国家神道」が解体され、それまでお国と一体化していた全国各地の神社は、独立独歩を余儀なくされる。そこで、宗教法人になって生き延びる道を画策するわけだが、それぞれの神社ごとに単立の宗教法人となるよりも……と大同団結して、お伊勢さんを中心に「神社本庁」という組織をつくった。この組織には、現在も日本のほぼすべての神社が属していて、その数8万近くといわれる。ところが、京都の神社のいくつかは、以前から「京都府神社会」という組織をつくっていて、この組織に属していた神社の一部は独自の宗教法人をつくった。それが「神社本教」で、ここに所属する神社は80社と少ないが、清水寺の境内にある地主神社、源氏物語でも知られる野宮神社、乃木大将を祀った乃木神社など、よく知られている神社も多い。なお、伏見稲荷大社などは、単立の宗教法人の道を選んだという。神社本教の本部は、現在は東山の若宮八幡宮に置かれているようである。

The headquarters of religious corporation jinja honkyo (Root of Shinto Shrine)

I visited Himukai Grand Shrine in Keage of Kyoto. This Shrine is one of "motoise" (origin of Ise JIngu Shrine) which located in Kinki area, and has "Naigu(inner) Shrine" and "Gegu(outer) Shrine" like Ise JIngu Shrine. But about enshrined deities, there are some differences from Ise Jingu Shrine. At Naigu(inner) Shrine, main deity is Amaterasu who is the deity of sun, same as Naigu Shrine of Ise. But in addition, Tagirihime and Itikishimahime (Sarasvati) are also deities of Naigu Shrine of Himukai Great Shrine. And at Gegu(outer) Shrine, enshrined deities are totally another. At Ise Jingu Shrine, the deity of Gegu Shrine is Toyoukenoookami (Goddess of foods), but at this Shrine, deities of Gegu Shrine are Niniginomikoto (one of ancestor of Emperor of Japan) and Amenominakanushi (central God of the universe). When I walked the precincts of this Shinto shrine, the signboard of "the headquarters of religious corporation jinja honkyo" got into eyes. What?? "Religious corporation jinja honkyo"?…… I have heard "Jinja Honcho (Association of Shinto Shrines)". But what will "jinja Honkyo (Root of Shinto Shrine)" be? So I checked.

After World War II, by the "Shinto directive" of GHQ (Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers), the "State Shinto" was dismantled, and all Shinto Shrines in Japan which were unified with state itself were forced to be self-reliance. Then, Shinto shrines searched to survive as a religious corporation, but it is better to unite than each Shinto Shrine became one religious corporation, so union of many Shinto Shrines, "Jinja Honcho" was made. "Jinja Honcho" is a huge religious corporation which has nearly 80 thousands of Shinto Shrines, and the center of this organization is Ise JIngu Shrine. But certain Shinto Shrines in Kyoto had made "Kyoto Shrine society" before World War II, and some Shinto Shrines of this organization made another religious corporation after World War II. That is this "Jinja Honkyo". Shinto Shrines which belongs this religious corporation are only 80. But there are some well-known Shinto Shrines, for example, Jishu Jinja at Kiyomizudera temple, Nomiya Jinja which appears in The Tale of Genji, and Nogui Jinja of which deity is famous General Nogui. And, Fushimi Inari Taisha which is famous as guardian in business, belongs to neither. This Shinto Shrine makes a independent religious corporation. In addition, the headquarters of the Jinja Honkyo seems to be in the Wakamiya Hachiman shrine of Higashiyama now.